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Tuesday 29 June 2021

AP EAPCET 2021 30% DELETED SYLLABUS MATHEMATICS

 

 Note: Deleted topics are mentioned red in colour for easy understanding. 

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SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

 

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ALGEBRA

a)   Functions: Types of functions – Definitions - Inverse functions and Theorems - Domain, Range, Inverse of real valued functions.

 

b)   Mathematical Induction: Principle of Mathematical Induction & Theorems - Applications of Mathematical Induction - Problems on divisibility.

 

c)   Matrices: Types of matrices - Scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices - Transpose of a matrix - Determinants - Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix - Consistency and inconsistency of Equations- Rank of a matrix - Solution of simultaneous linear equations.

 

d)   Complex Numbers: Complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers- fundamental operations - Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib - Modulus and amplitude of complex numbers –Illustrations - Geometrical and Polar Representation of complex numbers in Argand plane-Argand diagram.

 

e)   DeMoivre’s Theorem: De Moivre’s theorem- Integral and Rational indices - nth roots of unityGeometrical Interpretations –Illustrations.

 

f)    Quadratic Expressions: Quadratic expressions, equations in one variable - Sign of quadratic expressions – Change in signs – Maximum and minimum values – Quadratic inequations.

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g)   Theory of Equations: The relation between the roots and coefficients in an equation - Solving the equations when two or more roots of it are connected by certain relation - Equation with real coefficients, occurrence of complex roots in conjugate pairs and its consequences-Transformation of equations- Reciprocal Equations.

 

h)   Permutations and Combinations: Fundamental Principle of counting – linear and circular permutations- Permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things taken ‘r’ at a time - Permutations when repetitions allowed - Circular permutations - Permutations with constraint repetitions - Combinations-definitions, certain theorems and their applications.

 

i)    BinomialTheorem:Binomial theorem for positive integral index-Binomial theorem for rational Index(without proof) - Approximations using Binomial theorem.

 

j)    Partial fractions: Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains non –repeated linear factors - Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) where both f(x) and g(x) are polynomials and when g(x) contains repeated and/or non-repeated linear factors - Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains irreducible factors.

 

DELETIONS FROM ALGEBRA:

a)   Complex Numbers: 1.2.8-> Square root of a Complex Number and related problems in solved and exercise-1(b)

b)   Quadratic Expressions: 3.3-> Quadratic inequations including exercise-3(c)  

c)   Theory of Equations: 4.4-> Transformation of Equations including exercise-4(d)  

d)   Permutations and Combinations: Derivation of formula npr and ncr. Theorems:5.2.1 and 5.6.1  

e)   Binomial Theorem: Entire Chapter Deleted.

f)    Partial fractions: 7.3.8 and including exercise 7(d)

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TRIGONOMETRY

a)   Trigonometric Ratios upto Transformations: Graphs and Periodicity of Trigonometric functions - Trigonometric ratios and Compound angles - Trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub- multiple angles - Transformations - Sum and Product rules.

 

b)   Trigonometric Equations: General Solution of Trigonometric Equations - Simple Trigonometric Equations – Solutions.

 

c)   Inverse Trigonometric Functions: To reduce a Trigonometric Function into a bijection - Graphs of Inverse Trigonometric Functions - Properties of Inverse Trigonometric Functions.

 

d)   Hyperbolic Functions: Definition of Hyperbolic Function – Graphs - Definition of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions – Graphs - Addition formulae of HyperbolicFunctions.

 

e)   Properties of Triangles: Relation between sides and angles of a Triangle - Sine, Cosine, Tangent and Projection rules- Half angle formulae and areas of a triangle–Incircle and Excircle of a Triangle.

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VECTOR ALGEBRA

a)   Addition of Vectors: Vectors as a triad of real numbers - Classification of vectors - Addition of vectors - Scalar multiplication - Angle between two non-zero vectors - Linear combination of vectors - Component of a vector in three dimensions - Vector equations of line and plane including their Cartesian equivalent forms.

 

b)  Product of Vectors: Scalar Product - Geometrical Interpretations - orthogonal projections - Properties of dot product - Expression of dot product in i, j, k system - Angle between two vectors -

Geometrical Vector methods - Vectorequationsofplaneinnormalform-AnglebetweentwoplanesVectorproductoftwovectorsandproperties- Vector product in i, j, k system - Vector Areas - Scalar Triple Product - Vector equations of plane in different forms, skew lines, shortest distance and their Cartesian equivalents. Plane through the line of intersection of two planes, condition for coplanarity of two lines, perpendicular distance of a point from a plane, angle between line and a plane. Cartesian equivalents of all these results - Vector Triple Product –Results.

 

MEASURES OF DISPERSION AND PROBABILITY

a)  Measures of Dispersion - Range - Mean deviation - Variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data – Coefficient of variation and analysis of frequency distribution with equal means but different variances.

 

b)  Probability: Random experiments and events - Classical definition of probability, Axiomatic approach and addition theorem of probability - Independent and dependent events - conditional probability- multiplication theorem and Baye’s theorem and applications.

 

c)  Random Variables and Probability Distributions: Random Variables - Theoretical discrete distributions – Binomial and Poisson Distributions.

 

DELETIONS FROM MEASURES OF DISPERSION AND PROBABILITY:

a) Measures of Dispersion - Range - Mean deviation - Variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data - Coefficient of variation and analysis of frequency distribution with equal means but different variances.

 

COORDINATEGEOMETRY

a)  Locus: Definition of locus –Illustrations-To find equations of locus-Problems connected to it.

 

b)  Trans formation of Axes: Transformation of axes - Rules, Derivations and Illustrations - Rotation of axes - Derivations –Illustrations.

 

c)  The Straight Line: Revision of fundamental results - Straight line - Normal form – Illustrations - Straight line - Symmetric form - Straight line - Reduction into various forms - Intersection of two Straight Lines - Family of straight lines - Concurrent lines - Condition for Concurrent lines - Angle between two lines - Length of perpendicular from a point to a Line - Distance between two parallel lines - Concurrent lines - properties related toa triangle.

 

d)  Pair of Straight lines: Equations of pair of lines passing through origin - angle between a pair of lines - Condition for perpendicular and coincident lines, bisectors of angles - Pair of bisectors of angles - Pair of lines - second degree general equation - Conditions for parallel lines - distance between them, Point of intersection of pair of lines - Homogenizing a second degree equation with a first degree equation in x and y.

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e)  Circle : Equation of circle -standard form-centre and radius equation of a circle with a given line segment as diameter & equation of circle through three non collinear points - parametric equations of a circle - Position of a point in the plane of a circle – power of a point-definition of tangent-length of tangent - Position of a straight line in the plane of a circle-conditions for a line to be tangent – chord joining two points on a circle – equation of the tangent at a point on the circle- point of contact-equation of normal - Chord of contact - pole and polar-conjugate points and conjugate lines - equation of chord in term of its midpoint - Relative position of two circles- circles touching each other externally, internally- common tangents –centers of similitude- equation of pair of tangents from an externalpoint.

 

f)   System of circles: Angle between two intersecting circles - Radical axis of two circles- properties- Common chord and common tangent of two circles – radicalcentre.

 

g)  Parabola: Conic sections –Parabola- equation of parabola in standard form-different forms of parabola- parametric equations - Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the parabola (Cartesian and parametric) - conditions for straight line to be atangent.

 

h)  Ellipse: Equation of ellipse in standard form- Parametric equations - Equation of tangent and normal at a point on the ellipse (Cartesian and parametric) - condition for a straight line to bea tangent.

 

i)   Hyperbola: Equation of hyperbola in standard form- Parametric equations - Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the hyperbola (Cartesian and parametric) - conditions for a straight line to be a tangent-Asymptotes.

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j)   Three Dimensional Coordinates: Coordinates - Section formulae - Centroid of a triangleand tetrahedron.

 

k)  Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios: Direction Cosines - DirectionRatios.

 

l)   Plane: Cartesian equation of Plane - SimpleIllustrations.

 

DELETIONS FROM COORDINATEGEOMETRY:

a)  Circle: 1.5-> Relative positions of two circles including Ex 1(e) and solved problems  

b)  Parabola: 3.2-> Tangents & Normal including Ex 3(b)

c)  Ellipse: 4.2-> Equations of tangents & Normal including Ex 4(b)

 

CALCULUS

a)  Limits and Continuity: Intervals and neighborhoods – Limits - Standard Limits –Continuity.

 

b)  Differentiation: Derivative of a function - Elementary Properties - Trigonometric, Inverse Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Inverse Hyperbolic Function – Derivatives - Methods of Differentiation - SecondOrder Derivatives.

 

c)  Applications of Derivatives: Errors and approximations - Geometrical Interpretation of a derivative - Equations of tangents and normals - Lengths of tangent, normal, sub tangent and sub normal -

Angles between two curves and condition for orthogonality of curves - Derivative as Rate of change

- Rolle’s Theorem and Lagrange’s Mean value theorem without proofs and their geometrical interpretation - Increasing and decreasing functions - Maxima and Minima.

 

d)  Integration: Integration as the inverse process of differentiation- Standard forms -properties of integrals - Method of substitution- integration of Algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions - Integration by parts – Integration by Partial fractions method – Reduction formulae.

 

e)  Definite Integrals: Definite Integral as the limit of sum - Interpretation of Definite Integral as an area - Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus (without proof) – Properties - Reduction formulae - Application of Definite integral toareas.

 

f)   Differential equations: Formation of differential equation-Degree and order of an ordinary differential equation - Solving differential equation by i) Variables separable method, ii) Homogeneous differential equation, iii) Non - Homogeneous differential equation, iv) Linear differentialequations.

 

DELETIONS FROM CALCULUS:

a)  Definite Integrals: 7.1 and 7.2 -> Definite integral as the limit of the sum and limit of the sum and related problems in exercise 7(a) and 7(b) and Examples 7.6-> Application of Definite integrals to areas including exercise 7(d)

 

b)  Differential equations: 8.17-> Formation of Differential Equations and problems related to it 8.2(C): Non – Homogeneous Differential Equations including Ex 8(d) Solution of linear differential Equations of the type dx+Px=Q, Where P and Q


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TS EAMCET 2021 30% DELETED SYLLABUS ZOOLOGY

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ZOOLOGY 

 1) ZOOLOGY -

 Diversity of Living World: What is life?; Nature, Scope & meaning of zoology; Branches of Zoology; Need for classification- Zoos as tools for classification; Basic principles of Classification: Biological system of classification- (Phylogenetic classification only); Levels or Hierarchy of classification; Nomenclature - Bi & Trinominal; Species concept; Kingdom Animalia; Biodiversity - Meaning and distribution, Genetic diversity, Species diversity, Ecosystem diversity(alpha, beta and gamma), other attributes of biodiversity, role of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, methods of conservation, IUCN Red data books, Conservation of wild life in India -Legislation, Preservation, Organisations, Threatened species.

 2) STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN ANIMALS: 

 Levels of organization, Multicellularity: Diploblastic & Triploblastic conditions; Asymmetry, Symmetry: Radial symmetry, and Bilateral symmetry. Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates and Eucoelomates: Schizo & Entero coelomates (Brief account of formation of coelom); Tissues: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular and Nervous tissues. 

 3) ANIMAL DIVERSITY-I: INVERTEBRATE PHYLA:

 General Characters – (Strictly restrict to 8 salient features only, Classification up to Classes with two or three examples – Brief account only). Porifera; Cnidaria; Ctenophora; Platyhelminthes; Nematoda; Annelida (Include Earthworm as a type study); Arthropoda; Mollusca; Echinodermata; Hemichordata. 

 4) ANIMAL DIVERSITY-II: PHYLUM: 

CHORDATA General Characters –Classification up to Classes - (Brief account only with two or three examples). Phylum: Chordata; Sub phylum: Urochordata; Sub phylum: Cephalochordata; Sub phylum: Vertebrata; Super class: Agnatha, Class Cyclostomata; Super class: Gnathostomata, Super class pisces, Class: Chondricthyes, Class: Osteichthyes; Tetrapoda, Class: Amphibia (Including the brief type study of Frog) Class: Reptilia, Class: Aves, Class: Mammalia. 

 5) LOCOMOTION & REPRODUCTION IN PROTOZOA: 

 Locomotion: Definition, types of locomotor structures pseudopodia (basic idea of pseudopodia without going into different types), flagella & cilia (Brief account giving two examples each); Flagellar & Ciliary movement - Effective & Recovery strokes in Euglena, Synchronal & Metachronal movements in Paramecium; Reproduction: Definition, types. Asexual Reproduction: Transeverse binary fission in Paramecium & Longitudinal binary fission in Euglena. Multiple fission, Sexual Reproduction. 

 6) BIOLOGY & HUMAN WELFARE: 

 Parasitism and parasitic adaptation; Health and disease: introduction Life cycle, Pathogenicity, Treatment & Prevention (Brief account only) 1. Entamoeba histolytica 2. Plasmodium vivax 3. Ascaris lumbricoides 4. Wuchereria bancrofti; Brief account of pathogenicity, treatment & prevention of Typhoid, Pneumonia, Common cold, & Ring worm; Tobacco, Drugs and Alcohol abuse (TDA Abuse). 

 7) TYPE STUDY OF PERIPLANETA AMERICANA: 

 Habitat and habits; External features; Locomotion; Digestive system; Respiratory system; Circulatory system; Excretory system; Nervous system - sense organs, structure of ommatidium; Reproductive system.

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 8) ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT: 

 What is Ecology, Importance of Ecology, Organisms and Environment: Ecology, population, communities, habitat, niche, biome and ecosphere (definitions only); Ecosystem: Elementary aspects only, Abiotic factors- Light, Temperature & Water (Biological effects only), Ecological adaptations; Population interactions; Ecosystems: Types, Components, Lake ecosystem; Food chains, Food web, Productivity and Energy flow in Ecosystem, Ecological pyramids - Pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy; Nutritient cycling - Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorous cycles (Brief account); Population attributes: Growth, Natality and Mortality, Age distribution, Population regulation; Environmental issues. 

 9) HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I: 

 Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals; Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans - Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiratory movements, Respiratory volumes; Respiratory disorders: Asthma, Emphysema, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Occupational respiratory disorders - Asbestosis, Silicosis, Siderosis, Black Lung Disease in coal mine workers. 

 10) HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-II: 

 Body Fluids and Circulation: Lymphatic system; Clotting of blood; Human circulatory system - structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, double circulation, circulatory pathways, Portal circulation and coronary circulation; regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system: Hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure. Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion - Ammonotelism, Ureotelism, Uricotelism, Excretory organs; Human excretory system - structure of kidney and nephron; Urine formation, osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function -Renin-Angiotensin - Aldosterone system, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders: Uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, glomerular nephritis, dialysis using artificial kidney and kidney transplantation. 

 11) HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-III: 

 Muscular and Skeletal system: The muscle - ultra structure; Contractile proteins & Mechanism of muscle contraction, muscle fatigue, cori cycle, Types of muscle fibers. Neural control and co-ordination: Nervous system in human beings - Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system and Somatic and autonomic neural system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse, Synaptic transmission. 

 12) HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-IV: 

 Endocrine system and chemical co-ordination, Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system - Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus gland, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary idea only), hormones of kidney, heart and gastrointestinal tract, Role of hormones as messengers and regulators; Hypo and Hyper activity and related disorders: Common disorders -Dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome (Diseases & disorders to be dealt in brief).  Immune system: Basic concepts of Immunology - Types of Immunity - Innate Immunity, Acquired Immunity, Active and Passive Immunity, Cell mediated Immunity and Humoral Immunity, Cells of immune system, organs of immune system, soluble mediators of immunity, vaccination or immunization and immunological disorders. 

 13) HUMAN REPRODUCTION: 

 Human Reproductive System: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis & ovary; Gametogenesis, Spermatogenesis & Oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilization, Embryo development up to blastocyst formation, Implantation; Pregnancy, placenta formation, Parturition, Lactation (elementary idea). Reproductive Health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control - Need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF-ET, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness). 

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 14) GENETICS: 

 Heredity and variations : Mendel’s laws of inheritance with reference to Drosophila. (Drosophila melanogaster Grey, Black body colour; long, vestigial wings), Pleiotropy; Multiple alleles: Inheritance of blood groups and Rh-factor; Codominance (Blood groups as example); Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Skin colour in humans. Sex determination – in humans, birds, Fumea moth, genic balance theory of sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster and honey bees; Sex linked inheritance – Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans: Thalassemia, Haemophilia, Sickle celled anaemia, cystiefibrosis PKU, Alkaptonuria; Chromosomal disorders –Down’s syndrome, Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome; Genome, Human Genome Project and DNA Finger Printing. 

 15) APPLIED BIOLOGY: Animal Husbandry, Dairy management, Animal breeding, Apiculture, Beekeeping, Poultry management, Pisciculture, Fishery management, Application of Biotechnology in medicine: Human insulin and vaccine production; Molecular diagnosis Gene Therapy; Transgenic animals; Vaccines, Cancer biology, stem cells.

 Note: (Up to primary concepts in Applied Biology) The following topics are the deleted content of Zoology (30%) in the Intermediate second year for the academic year 2020-21 by the TSBIE as per Telugu academy text book. The same is deleted for the TS EAMCET-2021 examination. 

 1) HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I 

 Unit-I A: Digestion and absorption: 1.1 Digestive System 1.1.1 Alimentary canal 1.1.2 Digestive glands 1.1.3 Physiology of digestion 1.1.4 Peristalsis 1.1.5 Absorption of digested food Syllabus for TS EAMCET 2021-AM Stream (Agriculture, Pharmacy, Veterinary etc.) 1.1.6 Gastro intestinal hormones 1.1.7 Calorific values of carbohydrates, proteins and fats 1.1.8 Disorders of the digestive system 

 2) HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-III 

Unit-III A: 

Topics in Musculo-Skeletal System 3.2 The Skeleton 3.2.1 Axial skeleton 3.2.2 Appendicular skeleton 3.3 Joints 3.3.1 Types of joints 3.3.2 Structure of synovial joint. 3.4 Disorders of the muscular and skeletal system: myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout. 

 3) HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-III Unit-III B : 

Topics in Neural control and coordination 3.7 Reflex action and reflex arc; 3.8 Sensory reception and processing 3.8.1 The Eye 3.8.2 The mechanism of vision 3.8.3 The Ear 3.8.4 The mechanism of hearing 

 4) ORGANIC EVOLUTION Unit-VII: 

 7.1 Origin of Life 7.2 Biological Evolution 7.3 Evidences for Biological Evolution (palaeontological, comparative anatomical, embryological and molecular evidences); 7.4 Theories of evolution: Lamarckism (in brief), Darwin’s theory of EvolutionNatural Selection with example (Kettlewell’s experiments on Biston betularia), Mutation Theory of Hugo de Vries; 7.5 Modern synthetic theory of Evolution 7.6 Mechanism of evolution- Hardy Weinberg law, Evolutionary forces, Types of Natural Selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Human evolution; Speciation - Allopatric, sympatric; Reproductive isolation. 7.7 A brief account of evolution 7.8 Origin and evolution of man 

 5) APPLIED BIOLOGY 

 Unit-VIII 8.12 Biomedical Technology: Diagnostic Imaging (X-ray, CT scan, MRI), ECG, EEG; ELISA; 

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TS EAMCET 2021 30% DELETED SYLLABUS BOTANY

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Note: Deleted topics are mentioned red in colour for easy understanding at the bottom of the post 

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BOTANY  

The syllabus is in tune with the syllabus adapted by the Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education (TSBIE), for Intermediate course with effect from the academic year 2019-2020 (1st year) (100%) and 2020-2021 (2nd year) (70%) and is designed at the level of Intermediate Course and equivalent to 10 + 2 (10 plus 2) scheme of Examination conducted by Telangana State Board of Intermediate Education. The syllabus is designed to indicate the scope of subjects included for TS EAMCET-2021. The topics mentioned therein are not to be regarded as exhaustive. Questions may be asked in TS EAMCET-2021 to test the student’s knowledge and intelligent understanding of the subject. The syllabus is applicable to students of both the current and previous batches of Intermediate Course, who desire to appear for TS EAMCET2021. 


 1) DIVERSITY IN THE LIVING WORLD: 

 The living world: What is living? Diversity in the living world; Taxonomic categories and taxonomical aids. Biological Classification: Five kingdom classification - Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia, Three domains of life (six kingdom classification), Viruses, Viroids, Prions & Lichens. Science of plants – Botany: Origin, Development, Scope of Botany and Branches of Botany. Plant Kingdom: Salient features, classification and alternation of generations of the plants of the following groups - Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. 

 2) STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS- MORPHOLOGY: Morphology of flowering Plants Vegetative: Parts of a typical Angiospermic plant; Vegetative morphology and modificationsRoot, Stem and Leaf- types; Venation, Phyllotaxy. Reproductive: Inflorescence - Racemose, Cymose and special types (in brief). Flower: Parts of a flower and their detailed description; Aestivation, Placentation. Fruits: Types- True, False and Parthenocarpic fruits. 

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 3) REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS: 

 Modes of Reproduction: Asexual reproduction, binary fission, Sporulation, budding, fragmentation, vegetative propagation in plants, Sexual reproduction, Overview of angiosperm life cycle. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants: Stamen, microsporangium, pollen grain. Pistil, megasporangium (ovule) and embryo sac; Development of male and female gametophytes. Pollination - Types, agents, Out breeding devices and Pollen - Pistil interaction. Double Fertilization; Post fertilisation events: Development of endosperm and embryo; development of seed, Structure of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous seeds, Significance of fruit and seed. Special modes - Apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony. 

 4) PLANT SYSTEMATICS: 

 Taxonomy of angiosperms: Introduction. Types of Systems of classification (in brief). SemiTechnical description of a typical flowering plant. Description of Families: Fabaceae, Solanaceae and Liliaceae.

5) CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: 

 Cell - The Unit of Life: Cell- Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life- overview of the cell. Prokaryotic and Eukoryotic cells, Ultra Structure of Plant cell (structure in detail and functions in brief), Cell membrane, Cell wall, Cell organelles: Endoplasmic reticulum, Mitochondria, Plastids, Ribosomes, Golgi bodies, Vacuoles, Lysosomes, Microbodies, Centrosome and Centriole, Cilia, Flagella, Cytoskeleton and Nucleus. Chromosomes: Number, structural organization; Nucleosome. Biomolecules: Structure and function of Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic acids. Cell cycle and Cell Division: Cell cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis - significance. 

 6) INTERNAL ORGANISATION OF PLANTS: 

 Histology and Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Tissues - Types, structure and functions: Meristematic; Permanent tissues - Simple and Complex tissues. Tissue systems - Types, structure and function: Epidermal, Ground and Vascular tissue systems. Anatomy of Dicotyledonous and Monocotyledonous plants - Root, Stem and Leaf. Secondary growth in Dicot stem and Dicot root. 

 7) PLANT ECOLOGY:

 Ecological Adaptations, Succession and Ecological Services: Introduction. Plant communities and Ecological adaptations: Hydrophytes, Mesophytes and Xerophytes. Plant succession. Ecological services - Carbon fixation, Oxygen release and pollination. 

 8) PLANT PHYSIOLOGY: 

 Enzymes: Chemical Reactions, Enzymatic Conversions, Nature of Enzyme Action, Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity, Temperature and pH, Concentration of Substrate, Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes, Co-factors. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants: Early Experiments, Site of Photosynthesis, Pigments involved in Photosynthesis, Light Reaction, The Electron Transport-Splitting of Water, Cyclic and Noncyclic Photo-phosphorylation, Chemiosmotic Hypothesis, Biosynthetic phaseThe Primary Acceptor of CO2, The Calvin Cycle, The C4 Pathway, Photorespiration, Factors affecting Photosynthesis. Respiration of Plants: Glycolysis, Fermentation, Aerobic Respiration - Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle, Electron Transport System (ETS) and Oxidative Phosphorylation, The Respiratory Balance Sheet, Amphibolic Pathway, Respiratory Quotient. Plant Growth and Development: Plant Growth Regulators- Characteristics, Discovery, Physiological effects of Plant Growth Regulators, Auxins, Gibberellins, Cytokinins, Ethylene, Abscisic acid. 

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 9) GENETICS: 

 Principles of Inheritance and Variation: Mendel’s Experiments, Inheritance of one gene (Monohybrid Cross)-Back cross and Test cross, Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation or Law of purity of gametes, Deviations from Mendelian concept of dominance  - Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance, Explanation of the concept of dominance, Inheritance of two genes- (Dihybrid Cross) Law of Independent Assortment, Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Recombination, Mutations, Significance of mutations. 

 10) MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: 

 Molecular Basis of inheritance: The DNA- Structure of Polynucleotide Chain, Packaging of DNA Helix, The Search for Genetic Material, Transforming Principle, Biochemical Characterisation of Transforming Principle, The Genetic Material is DNA, Properties of Genetic Material (DNA versus RNA), RNA World, Replication - The Experimental Proof, The Machinery and the Enzymes, Transcription-Transcription Unit, Transcription Unit and the Gene, Types of RNA and the process of Transcription, Genetic Code-Mutations and Genetic Code, tRNA- the Adapter Molecule, Translation, Regulation of Gene Expression-The Lac operon. 

 11) Biotechnology: 

 Principles and processes of Biotechnology: Principles of Biotechnology-Construction of the first artificial recombinant DNA molecule, Tools of Recombinant DNA TechnologyRestriction Enzymes, Cloning Vectors, Competent Host (For Transformation with Recombinant DNA), Processes of Recombinant DNA Technology- Isolation of the Genetic Material (DNA), Cutting of DNA at Specific Locations, Separation and isolation of DNA fragments, Insertion of isolated gene into a suitable vector, Amplification of Gene of Interest using PCR, Insertion of Recombinant DNA into the Host, Cell/Organism, Selection of Transformed host cells, Obtaining the Foreign Gene Product, Downstream Processing. Biotechnology and its applications: Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture-Bt Cotton, Pest Resistant Plants, Other applications of Biotechnology - Insulin, Gene therapy, Molecular Diagnosis, ELISA, DNA fingerprinting, Transgenic plants, Bio-safety and Ethical issues- Biopiracy.

 12) MICROBES AND HUMAN WELFARE: 

 Microbes in Human Welfare: Microbes in Household Products, Microbes in Industrial Products-Fermented Beverages, Antibiotics, Chemicals, Enzymes and other Bioactive Molecules, Microbes in Sewage Treatment, Primary treatment, Secondary treatment or Biological treatment, Microbes in Production of Biogas, Microbes as Biocontrol Agents, Biological control of pests and diseases, Microbes as Biofertilisers, Challenges posed by Microbes. 

 The following topics are the deleted content of Botany (30%) in the Intermediate second year for the academic year 2020-21 by the TSBIE as per Telugu academy text book. The same is deleted for the TS EAMCET-2021 examination. 

 Unit I - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY Chapter 1: Transport in Plants 

 Chapter 2: Mineral Nutrition 

 Chapter 6: Plant Growth and Development 6.1 Growth 6.2 Differentiation, Dedifferentiation and Redifferentiation 6.3 Development 6.5 Seed Dormancy 6.6 Photoperiodism 6.7 Vernalisation 

 Unit II - MICROBIOLOGY 

 Chapter 7: Bacteria 

 Chapter 8: Viruses 

 Unit VI- PLANTS, MICROBES AND HUMAN WELFARE 

 Chapter 13: Strategies for enhancement in Food production

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